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(for website: Excerpt from Wellington Letter June 9, 2008)

 THE CREDIT CRISIS: STILL IN THE EARLY PHASE

.................................The very successful hedge fund firm T2 Partners in March wrote in a report:  "We are seeing only the tip of the iceberg: An enormous wave of defaults, foreclosures and auctions is just beginning to hit the U.S. We believe it will get so bad that large-scale federal government intervention is likely."

Jim Bianco, head of Bianco Research, a very astute analyst of the credit markets, said in March:  "Equity guys are completely clueless as to how bad it is in the credit markets. They're as bad as they've been since the Great Depression." (Quote from Barron's.)

This week we heard about proposals circulating in Congress that it’s time for STIMULUS PLAN #2. And where do they get the money for these bailouts? No, it's not the printing press. Now we have computers that can create billions of dollars instantaneously out of thin air. No paper required. The turmoil in the financial markets will worsen. Later this year, there is a good chance for a crisis. Will the Fed be able to handle that? No one knows.


BUYING OPPORTUNITY FOR A TRADE                                                       

Excerpt from the WELLINGTON LETTER, late April , 2008                                                             

........................... Bernanke recently commented on the U.S. situation with that of Japan in the 1990s, and even with the Great Depression in the U.S., probably because private sector analysts, such as ourselves, had made such comparisons. Of course, he says that the current situation is much different. What else can he say? He says that in the 1930s the Fed let the financial crisis infect the entire economy. The Fed will not allow that to happen now. But in early 2007, he also said that the subprime mortgage problem couldn’t possibly infect the rest of the credit markets. Now it has.

He rejected a comparison with Japan in the 1990s. He said that Japan did not act to get bad loans off the banks’ balance sheets, which stopped lending. The Fed will not make the same mistake. However, that’s exactly the problem now. Only U.S. banks are more proactive. They are now busily raising new capital by selling stock or convertible securities. This dilutes the current shareholders, who will take painful hits. But at least the firms stay in business, and eventually may start lending again.

At least Ben finally seems to recognize the seriousness of the situation; otherwise, he wouldn’t make these comparisons. And that’s the first step to finding a solution. Then the question becomes, is the problem solvable? He may know the problems of the 1930s and of Japan in the 1990s, but is he and his crew astute enough to find the solutions?

There are so many rescue plans in the works, at the Fed, in Congress, and in Europe, that it’s hard to keep up with them. The IMF (International Monetary Fund) is floating a proposal to have the governments, i.e., taxpayers, buy all the unsalable paper (CDOs, Mortgage Backed securities, etc.) from the banks so that banks can start lending again. The government would then hold these until such a time that they can be sold. I ask, if the taxpayers are asked to take such a risk, will the banks give us taxpayers some of the profits they made over the last 5 years?

CONCLUSION

The (technical) signals for the U.S. market are positive right now. No one can know how long a rally will last. Instead of relying on guesses, we prefer to let our technical indicators tell us when the end of a rally has been reached.

Last time we also wrote: “We will watch carefully over the next week or two for a confirmation of a tradable rally. However, only experienced investors should try to play such rallies.” Well, it seems that we are there.

(Recommendations are excerpted out of fairness to subscribers)

 


A DECOMPRESSION RALLY

Excerpt from the WELLINGTON LETTER, April 7, 2008

...................The FHFB authorized Federal Home Loan Banks to increase their purchases of agency mortgage-backed securities. This could provide more than $100 billion in additional liquidity to the FNMA and Freddie Mac’s mortgage-backed securities. Also, the reserve requirements of the latter two were lowered, allowing them to add another $200 billion to the mortgages they buy.

As you can see, money is pouring into the financial markets. But will that allow the average homeowner to qualify for a mortgage under current conditions? Will it prevent foreclosures? Will it get the homebuyers to go out looking? And will they be able to get a mortgage when they want to buy?

The Fed is now committed to take $200 billion of non-government debt-securities, AAA rated, as collateral on loans it makes. Many of these securities may be downgraded to AA, which means they would be selling for around 25 cents on the dollar. Will the Fed still take them? Even the AAA stuff is probably not worth more than 75% of par. Obviously, when the Fed is willing to take such confetti as collateral, it means there is a huge financial crisis.

THE FED: WILL THEY RUN OUT OF MONEY?

So far the Fed has used 50% of its balance sheet in the bailouts. That’s about $400 billion. Is the remaining $400 billion sufficient to prevent the collapse of the CDS market? Should they even try? Important questions. 

People say that the Fed can “print” all the money they want. Actually, it’s the Bureau of Engraving that prints money. They have the latest, high-speed Heidelberg presses. I know, I saw them. These presses obviously are from Germany, which during the hyperinflation after WWI found that the printing presses were too slow to keep up with inflation. That has been corrected. Our Fed chairman, Helicopter Ben, may eventually do what he suggested five years ago, namely throw money out of helicopters. We have some exciting times ahead of us.

It’s obvious that a panic hit Wall Street and Washington, and the Fed is now pushing the gas pedal to the floorboard. Look at some of the Federal Reserve charts.

The first chart is Money Supply MZM. From Jan. 21 to Mar. 24, which doesn’t even include the Bear Stearns crisis, MZM is growing at a huge 37% annual rate. That confirms that the Fed is in crisis mode, and doesn’t want a repeat of the 1930s. This is extraordinary growth.

Money Supply MZM. From Jan. 21 to Mar. 24

 

Another sign that the Fed has floored the monetary accelerator is the ADJUSTED MONETARY BASE. This reflects directly what the Fed is doing. Note that the chart shows a very significant breakout to the upside. That’s positive for the stock market and the economy. For the economy, that could be inflationary.

Adjusted Monetary Base

And finally, we have to look at the banks. Are they providing loans or are they shutdown, and even more important, are creditworthy borrowers willing to borrow? The answer to both is “Yes.” Here is the chart.

Bank Loans and Credit

  CONCLUSION:  Experience tells us that when the Fed steps this hard on the accelerator, part of that money goes into the stock market. As active investors, that brings us some good buying opportunities … at least for awhile.


 

ASLEEP AT THE WHEEL

Excerpt from the WELLINGTON LETTER, March 17, 2008.

.................Throughout 2007, Wall Street analysts and money managers told investors that the subprime problem was too small to infect other areas. We heard how “minute” the size of that market was compared to the entire debt market; they told us that earnings were greater and would be even greater in 2008. And every time that the stock market plunged, they insisted that “the market is wrong,” and that “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”

Well, all of that was garbage and a prescription for ruin. We repeated again and again that we are seeing an implosion of the greatest credit bubble the world had ever seen. Therefore, earnings were irrelevant, as they show the past. The driving force in the markets is availability of credit. When it expands, the markets go up, and earnings follow. When credit availability decelerates, and then even contracts as it is doing now, you always have a bear market and recession. And the severity of these events is directly proportionate to the contraction.

Therefore, whenever you see an analyst on TV talking about the “great future earnings,” hit the mute button. He has no idea about what’s going on. Until one month ago, Intel was on everyone’s “buy” list. In early March, it announced disappointment. Sandisk, a maker of flash memory chips, announced that prices of its product would decline by 50% because of a glut. What a surprise! You can imagine what such a decline means for profits. The CEO of Cisco late last year proclaimed on national TV that he had never seen conditions this good. Just two months later, he was talking about abrupt weakness.

(This is only part of the lengthy issue. Subscribe and get the entire issue. It may be save or make you a fortune)


RECOGNITION!

Excerpt from the WELLINGTON LETTER, February 18, 2008.

...................Yes, historical numbers are strong. But that’s history. Just a few months ago, the CEO of Cisco had a glowing report about the firm and the economic environment. I think he even said that he had never seen conditions so good. Well, his report on Feb. 6 was downright gloomy. They reported excellent results, (that’s the past) but then said the future would be worse than they had expected just recently. The stock plunged over 10% in after-hour trading.

The economy, especially the housing sector, continues to worsen. Economist Nouriel Roubini, who has been one of the very few economists who saw the current housing and credit crises coming, just said that this year 20 million homes will see their values decline to below the size of their mortgages. That will cause homeowners to just walk away from their houses, and let the lenders worry about selling the house.

On Feb. 13, Lehman Brothers said in a report that sell-offs in leveraged loans and CMBS (commercial mortgaged backed securities) have recently deepened. The firm believes that defaults in these products could spread to the “synthetic CDOs,” potentially causing a more “dramatic unwind.” I guess that could ean a crash.

Lehman is concerned about exposure to synthetic CDOs by broker-dealers—more nuclear waste.

A few months ago, it was the SIVs, i.e., off-balance sheet entities formed by the largest banks to speculate in the derivative markets. It’s estimated that the problem is bigger than $100 billion. Even industry insiders have said they had never heard of these entities before. How can you hide a $100 billion problem?

There are so many problems, which have not yet been divulged. And each one will cause a further contraction of credit. Our long-time subscribers, who have been with us for more than 20 years, know that my Theory of Liquidity, which has made it possible for us to catch major turns over the years, says that when credit contracts, the investment markets and the economy must decline. There is no alternative.

Margin debt in the stock market has always been a great indicator of bull and bear markets. When traders increase their margin debt, you are in a bull market, and when it contracts, you are in a bear market. Well, margin debt is now down about $60 billion (end of December) from the peak of $381 billion in July last year. That’s an indication of a bear market.

BEWARE! THE SHORT TO INTERMEDIATE TERM

...................Complacency is still very high. Just watch financial TV and see all the Wall Street guys, who have been telling you to bargain hunting during the entire decline. They are still talking about the “bargains.” Of course, the bargains are getting cheaper and cheaper. You won’t see a good bottom until there is actual fear and these people advise to just “hold but do no new buying.”

Human nature never changes. Emotions and fundamentals are usually wrong. You have to look ahead, not at what earnings and other fundamentals were in the past year.

The rally so far is weak. That’s a problem. Conditions are worsening. We are just a few weeks into the “recognition phase” of the bear market and the recession. The bulls are all hoping for a rally, so they can raise cash. But “hope” is a very poor investment tool. In fact, when you start hoping, it’s the best sell signal you can get. And that’s what the majority of money managers will soon learn.

Bloomberg reports that Goldman Sachs Group Inc. had its first-quarter profit estimate cut a hefty 51% by Fox-Pitt Kelton Cochran Caronia Waller. The analysts wrote that GS faces “continued challenges in credit markets” and may report a $1.7 billion writedown from leveraged loans. GS stock is down from 250 in October of last year to 175 on Feb. 15. That’s 30% in just four months. So much for being a long-term investor. GS won’t see that high again for many years. You can put that forecast in your trade journal.

Leading U.S. electronics retailer Best Buy Co. cut its full-year earnings forecast Friday, citing weaker-than-expected revenue growth in January.

Yet, analysts in the media tell us the “the market is cheap.” But is it? Actually, it’s far overvalued, as we have been saying. These analysts are still using profit forecasts from last year. But things change. As our colleague John Mauldin points out, in January 2007, the earnings forecast for the S&P 500 index was $89.10 per share. As we know now, the actual number for the year was $71.56, a miss by 20%.

In March of last year, the S&P earnings forecast was for $92.30 for 2008. At the end of last year, this forecast was reduced to $83.98. And now, they are projecting only $71.20. But for the four quarters ending in June this year, they are forecasting only $65.15. We can see that the expected decline is now running about 35%. And the P/E ratio would be 21. That’s hardly “cheap.” In fact, it’s close to what we saw at the bull market top in the year 2000.

And remember, these are just forecasts. Everything is deteriorating much faster than the greater majority had expected. If the 35% earnings decline turns into a 50% decline, we should expect a market decline of a similar amplitude. Of course, that’s for the big cap stocks. The small caps will be decimated. Why? In a recession, they can’t get bank loans—and go out of business.

 


Excerpt from January 7, 2008 Wellington Letter

Bear Market Confirmed!

........  In the meantime, the large financial firms are rushing to the Middle East and Asia trying to find capital for their firms so that the firms don’t fall below required capital ratios, which would threaten their very existence. Much bigger write-downs of assets held by these firms will occur in 2008, meaning they need to get even larger capital infusions than have been announced.

The world’s greatest credit bubble in history is imploding. At the same time, our central bankers, especially in the U.S., are totally unprepared to handle it. They have repeatedly shown over the past 12 months that they do not even recognize the severity of the problem, much less come up with a solution.

And that’s how a financial crisis evolves and naïve investors are used to taking stocks off of the hands of the professionals who don’t want them.

A survey of the biggest money managers was conducted by CNBC. As you will see, they don’t share my bearish opinion.

Only 2% thought the chance of recession is over 50%. More than 50% of managers believe the S&P 500 will finish up at least at 8% in the coming year, while financials will be the strongest sector and materials will be the weakest. Out of these, 33% said the index would gain 8%, while 23% expect a gain of more than 10%.

Well, we shall see. However, history shows that the majority is usually wrong.

An old Wall Street rule is that if January is down, the rest of the year is down, and if the first week of January is down, then the entire month will be down. Furthermore, if the first day of the year is down, then chances are high that the week will be down. So far, it looks like it will be a down year, according to these rules. Of course, based on our analysis, we are very confident that the year will be down, probably hard.

The market was down in December. If it’s down in January, it would be the first time since 1943 that the market has been down in both months.

 


Excerpt from Dec. 14 , 2007 Wellington Letter

THE FED JUST DOESN'T GET IT!

.............................Within 30 minutes, the DJI was down more than 300 points for the day, and about 400 points from the high of the day. There was an urgent rush to safety, meaning U.S. Treasury securities, which we have been recommending since July. The 10-year T-Note soared, as its yield plunged below 4%. The 2-Year T-Note yield plunged below 3%. This shows a flight from money market funds to the safety of U.S. Treasury securities. The big, smart money was running scared.

We admit that possibly right now the 25 additional point cut would not be that important. After all, the losses in the credit markets may be as high as $500 BILLION, except that the owners of the paper haven’t admitted it. The only tool the Fed has to try to ease the pain is to lower interest rates substantially. The failure to act forcefully now sends a very negative message, namely that the Fed members are totally out of touch, just as we have said all year long.

Ultimately, the Fed chairman is responsible. In August he was oblivious to the seriousness of the situation. A meeting with several big hedge fund managers, x-Treasury Secretary Rubin, and Hank Paulson woke him up. But apparently, he went back to sleep.

He is a timid college professor. His biggest challenge in the past was in the classroom. He apparently doesn’t have the courage, nor the market knowledge, to handle what we consider the largest global credit crunch in the history of the world.

As the passengers of our economic ship, we found out today that our captain is deaf, dumb, and blind. Why don’t they go out and speak with business owners, or CEO’s of mid-size firms? Right now we need someone able to fix the financial market mess. That takes the most astute, experienced individual, and even he might not be able to do it.

Sorry to be so blunt. But this is no time for learning on the job.

The morning after the Fed announcement, before the market opening, the Fed announced another bombshell. Here is what we wrote in our SMARTE TRADER service that day:

The Fed and other central banks got together before the opening today to ambush the short sellers. The Fed, together with the central banks of Europe, England, Switzerland, and Britain announced a joint effort to bring relief to the frozen credit markets. Even the Bank of Japan and the Swedish central bank issued statement supporting the plan. Unfortunately, the effort will have a smaller chance than a snow ball not melting in hell.

The Fed said it would launch a "temporary term auction facility" that banks can use to secure loans at its discount window. There will be two auctions of up to $20 billion each in short-term funding next week. The Fed will open foreign exchange swaps for up to $20 billion with the European Central Bank and up to $4 billion with the Swiss National Bank, whatever that means. Another $20 billion auction will be done in January. Well, if you understand what they are going to do, then you are smarter than we are.

I just look at the amounts ($20 billion) and the amount of losses the banks hold on the derivatives, which is several hundred billion dollars, and shake my head. The European Central Bank on certain days has been putting as much as $100 billion into the banking system there. How can they expect these small amounts to work? It’s a joke.

What should they do? Instead of saying $20 billion, they should give a huge number, like $500 billion. That would restore confidence. Everyone would know that the $500 billion would not be used, which is the best part of the solution. It’s like insurance of your stock brokerage account up to $10 million, although you may only have $100,000 there. The much larger amount gives you confidence.

So, what did the Fed get for its surprise attack? The DJI was up about 270 points in the first 10 minutes of trading. From there the index erased all of its gains, declining 383 points from the high to a loss of around 111 points, before interventions brought it back into the black. This action shows that the big money shares our negative assessment of the Fed’s move and took the rally as just another opportunity to sell short.

Considering that one analyst called the central bank action “the most important since 9/11,” the result is pretty poor. It could be that tomorrow more buying will come in, but it won’t be into the financial stocks. By this time, the big, smart traders realize that the financial sector dug its own grave with excessive speculation and leverage. It had nothing to do with normal business. Therefore, no one should feel sorry for these companies.

Now even the supporters of the Fed chief say he should leave. Trying to trick traders and whipsaw them is not the job of the Fed. They should seek stability instead of creating instability, uncertainty, and doubts about the ability of the Fed to handle the challenges.

The Fed is targeting its “Fed Funds rate” at 4.25% now, but all the government’s debt instruments, except for the 30-year bonds, have lower interest rates. This is a very unnatural state of affairs. The Fed has to get in gear with market forces. The bulls now talk about a “soft landing” for the economy. Yes, and it will be in quick sand and mud, and possibly a brick wall after that.

It is now obvious to me that we face a very long and possibly deep recession. Furthermore, we will see a bear market that few think is possible. A 50% decline in the DJI (from this year’s high) is a good possibility. But it will take time. 

There will be bank failures, forced mergers, and governmental bailouts. Our largest financial institutions will see significant portions of their stock owned by foreign entities before it’s over. The U.S. is now continuing the path of its long-term decline into irrelevance, which started in the year 2000. The world’s power will shift to China in Asia, Russia in Europe, and the Arab Emirates in the Middle East.

The above is the bad news. The good news is that although it is beyond our power to stop big bear markets, we have always found excellent ways to prosper from bear markets. And this is the opportunity we offer to our subscribers. The next several years can bring you greater profits than the bull market of the past 5 years.


THEY DO RING A BELL ,although a little late!

Excerpt from Wellington Letter December 5, 2007

.........................The rally from August to October was the “distribution” rally, which lured the less sophisticated money managers into the market, and gave Wall Street the buyers onto whom they could unload.

This means that from now on there will be less support for the market. Wall Street found the “bagholders” and Wall Street firms are now free to make money on the short side. In fact, GS can now become outright bearish in its forecasts without hurting its own portfolios.

In the meantime, the Wall Street people on TV are still bargain hunting, as they have been doing all the way down. I prefer not to try to catch a falling knife. But then, maybe I am not as smart as they are. But I don’t use the excuse for losses either, namely “we are in it for the next 5-10 years.”

THE STOCK MARKET: Year-end window-dressing

The bulls are becoming more careful. Even they are starting to recognize that there is more to the current credit market problems than just a few subprime mortgages blowing up.

The reality is that we are seeing the greatest credit contraction in the history of the U.S., one which is still in the early stages. Credit contractions are brutal. There is usually no place to hide, except ultimately T-bills.

We are now approaching the year end. This year it will be very volatile, more than usual. The under performers will be sold, as no one wants to show them in their year-end portfolios. That includes all the financial stocks and the homebuilders.

 


Excerpt from Wellington Letter Oct 30, 2007

....................................Treasury Secretary Paulson just said:  "Yet, the problem today is not limited to subprime mortgages as the number of homeowners having trouble making payments on prime mortgages is also increasing.”

In a speech Monday night, Bernanke softly echoed this, saying, "...despite a few encouraging signs, conditions in the mortgage markets remain difficult."

Do you see how they try to soften their assessment of the dismal and dangerous conditions in the financial markets?

In the year 2000, the implosion of the Internet stocks started the bear market. We heard the same arguments at that time, namely that the sector was too small to infect the entire stock market. At the time that the NASDAQ plunged, some other stock sectors were supported for another 10 months, disguising the big selling in the rest of the market. As it turned out, the stock market produced the greatest wealth devastation in history over the next 2.8 years.

However, there is another reason for strength in the tech sector. You see, many other sectors have exposure to the subprime and derivative mess, either directly or indirectly. But technology is not related to that and is a purer way to profit from economic growth without the burdens of the credit implosion. Tech has been supporting the market, along with energy and basic materials. When these sectors top, then you have to become very cautious. Watch these stocks closely:  RIMM, GOOG, CSCO, HPQ, and AAPL. Nothing is insolated from a credit market freeze up over the longer term.

The future’s markets are now predicting that there is a 100% likelihood that the Fed will cut rates at the end of this month (Halloween). However, last week some analysts said the Fed might even raise rates. Be careful how you handle the advise of ‘experts.’ It’s your money. We predicted without doubt that the Fed will cut rates. Now we make another contrarian forecast: the Fed will cut rates, but the market will decline, probably sharply, thereafter.

Why would that happen? The bulls who suddenly realize that the severe problems of July have not been resolved, and have even worsened, will take any buying surge as the last opportunity to sell. They can’t easily sell into a declining market. By the end of the month, the smarter investment professionals will be nervous and will have a sell list prepared. 

The reason that virtually every analyst is still bullish is strong economic growth abroad. Yes, U.S. firms doing business internationally are reporting great profit and sales growth, but stagnation in the U.S. As investors, our decision is whether U.S. growth is unimportant for the world, or whether it is. Can we really assume that a weak U.S. economy or recession will not drag economies around the world with it?

The U.S. is about one-third of world economic activity. The problem we foresee is the repercussions in China when U.S. demand suddenly declines by 10%. To the Chinese, that would seem like a depression.


Excerpt from the WELLINGTON LETTER, Oct. 15, 07 issue

.......................................The rally since August was engineered and manipulated. The volume was much too low to suggest that it is a normal continuation of a bull market. A rally after a plunge on lower volume is the hallmark of a “secondary top,” which is then followed by a more serious, and longer term decline. The “rising wedge” formations on the charts of several broad indices are ominous. The NASDAQ rising wedge was just penetrated to the downside, which strongly suggests that the top is in place, and that a meaningful decline is ahead. The prudent investor will act accordingly.

A major support for the markets in 2007 was the merger & acquisition game, especially from Private Equity firms, which bought larger and larger firms with the debt financing the banks virtually threw at them. At the Milken Global Conference early this year, some of the CEO’s of the major PE firms said that they had never seen such easy credit conditions.

One said that if in the morning they decided they needed $20 billion, they would have it by the end of the day. That money was used to buy the stock of companies they acquired. The shareholders would get the money, and plow it back into the stock market. That game is now over. Suddenly, the $500 billion injected into the stock market in this way over the past year will not be there.

Reality can be postponed, but it can’t be repealed!


THE FED: SPECULATING ON THE NEXT MOVE

Excerpt from the WELLINGTON LETTER, Oct. 15, 07 issue

Secondly, money supply MZM, which now is the broadest number published has been growing at a huge 24% annual rate for the past two month, or by about $250 billion. The casual analyst says that this is inflationary. Nonsense!  Institutional money market funds are part of MZM. We can see that virtually all growth in MZM is due to Institutional money market funds. That’s not money available for economic activity and most probably not for the stock market under current conditions. This is “safe” money.

In the U.S. and in Europe, the central banks have thrown hundred of billions into the financial system in the hope to unfreeze the credit markets. However, liquidity is a matter of confidence: when lenders don’t have confidence to lend, the money does not go into economic activity. And that’s what investors will find out over the next year. In the first phase of such money injections, the surplus money into speculation in the world’s markets. That’s what we saw since August.

 Economists in the media can’t agree about what the Fed should do. Some say the Fed should raise rates in order to support the dollar, and to slow inflation pressures. Others say that the Fed must lower rates further in order to avoid a recession.

Probably even the Fed Governors can’t agree on what they should do at their next meeting. The Fed says they are “data dependent.” That means they know as much as we do, or less. Our motto is that we will tell you what the Fed will do even before the Fed knows. And our forecast is that the Fed will cut rates at the next meeting.

Some economists have even criticized the Fed for its rescue operation in September. Donald Kohn, the vice-chairman of the Fed Board, defended the move recently: "But pending further evidence, a 50-basis-point easing was not an unreasonable first approximation of what might be required to keep the economy on a sustainable growth path." He added that it was better for the Fed to respond "too much or too rapidly" to the turmoil in financial markets rather than acting "too little or too slowly."

With recent favorable inflation news, Kohn said he believes the Fed could reverse the recent rate cut if it turned out to be larger than needed.

Those are very reasonable statements. He is totally right that the Fed had to act energetically before things got totally out of control. Hopefully he can convince some of the other Fed Board members.

The Fed meets at the end of this month for two days, ending on Halloween. How appropriate! They will cut rates 25 points, but that will be greeted with a market decline if the market follows the pattern of 2001.


BEAR MARKET!  Excerpt from the WELLINGTON LETTER, Aug. 6, 07 issue

....................................On Saturday, one editor of a major financial publication said that investors should not worry. He said he stayed invested during the 1987 crash, almost panicked, but eventually stocks got back. And in the year 2000, he stayed invested, and eventually stocks came back. Well, if your investments strategy is to stay with an 80% wipeout as in 2000-20002, then you better have a rich sugar daddy.

What’s worrisome to us is that there